Shirk Kya hai? Shirk kitne Qism ke hai? Shirk Ke Aqsaam.

 Shirk Aur Uski Aqsaam

By: Shaykh Saleh Al-Fauzaan Hafidahullah

Naashr: Darul Undlus*

*Romanised Syed Ibraheem Salafi

*Shirk Kya Hai?

Shirk naam hai Allah(ﷻ) ki rububiyat aur ulohiyat mein kisi doosrey ko shareek karne ka, Allah(ﷻ) ki ulohiyat mein shirk yeh hai ke  bandah  Allah(ﷻ) ke saath ghair ko pukarey aur baaz ibaadaton ko uske liye aada karen, jaise nazr o niyaaz, khauf o umeed aur muhabbat o tazeem wagera.

*Shirk Sab Se Bada Gunaah:*

*1) Ilaahi sifaat o khasaais mein makhlooq ko khaaliq ke mushabeh qaraar deyna, is liye ke khaaliq ke saath kisi makhlooq ko shareek karne ka saaf matlab makhlooq ko khaaliq ke barabar qaraar deyna hai, yeh sab se bada zulm hai:* Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ*
"Shirk tou bahut bada zulm hai." (Luqman: 13)

Zulm kehtey hain: "kisi cheez ko uske asl maqaam aur jagah se hata kar dusri jagah rakhne ko" lehaza jisney ghairullah ki ibaadat ki, beshak us ney ibaadat ko apni asl jagah se hata kar ghair mahal (us ki jagah se hata kar dusri jagah) mein istemaal kiya aur usey ek ghair mustahiq (jo mustahiq na ho) ki taraf pher diya aur yeh sab se bada zulm hai.

*2) Allah(ﷻ) ney saaf taur par farma diya hai ke shirk ke baad jo tawba nahi karenga us ki maghfirat nahi hogi:* Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ ۚ
"Allah is gunaah ko nahi bakhshega ke kisi ko uska shareek bana diya jaye aur iske siwa aur gunaah jis ko chahe maaf kar dey." (An-Nisaa: 48)

*3) Allah(ﷻ) ney iski phir khabar di hai ke us ney mushrik par jannat haraam kar di hai aur mushrik hamesha hamesha ke liye jahannum mein pada rahenga:* Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ ۖ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنصَارٍ
"(Aur jaan rakhkho ke) jo shaksh Allah ke saath shirk kareyga Allah us par jannat haraam kar deyga aur uska thikana dozakh hai aur zalimo ka koi madadgaar nahi." (Al-Maaida: 72)

*4) Shirk insaan ke tamaam guzishta (pichle) aamaal ko khatam kar deyta hai:* Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*وَلَوْ أَشْرَكُوا لَحَبِطَ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ*
"Aur aagar wo log (ambiya) shirk kartey tou jo aamal wo kartey thhey sab barbaad ho jaatey." (Al-An'aam: 88)

Ek aur jagah irshaad hai:
*وَلَقَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكَ لَئِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ وَلَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ*
"Aur (Aye Muhammad ﷺ!) tumhari taraf aur un (paighambaron) ki taraf jo tum se pehle ho chuke hai, yehi wahee bheji gayi hai ke aagar tumne shirk kiya tou tumhare aamal barbaad ho jayenge aur tum ghaata uthaane waalon mein se ho jaaoge." [Az-Zumur: 65]

*5) Maidaan e jung mein mushrik ka khoon aur maal halaal hai:* Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*فَإِذَا انسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ ۚ فَإِن تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ*
"Jab hurmat waley mahine guzar jayen tou mushrikon ko jahan paao qatl karo aur pakad lo aur gher lo aur har jagah unki taak mein baithey raho... ... ..." (At-Tawba: 5]

Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya: "Mujhe hukm diya gaya hai ke main logon se us waqt tak ladta rahun jab tak wo "La'ilaaha Illallah" ka iqraar na kar len aur jab wo iska iqraar kar len tou mujh se apney khoon aur maal ki hifazat kar lenge, magar us ke haq se." (Sahih Bukhaari, Hadees: 25)

*6) Shirk sab se bada gunaah hai:*
Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya: "Kya main tumhen sab se bade gunah ke baray mein na bataoon? Humne kaha: Zaroor bataye Aye Allah ke Rasool: Aap (ﷺ) ney farmaya: "Allah(ﷻ) ke saath shirk aur walidain ki nafarmani." (Sahih Bukhaari, Hadees: 5976)

Allama Ibn e Qayyim (Rahimahullah) likhte hain: "Allah Ta'ala ney yeh wazeh farma diya hai ke takhleeq e kayenaat aur uske nizaam o intezaam ka maqsad yeh hai ke Allah(ﷻ) ko uske asma o sifaat ke zariye pehchana jaye, log aapas mein adl o insaaf se kaam len, adl wo mezaan hai jis ke zariye aasmaan o zameen ka qiyaam hai, Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ*
"Humney apney paighambaron ko khuli nashaaniyaan dey kar bheja aur un par kitabein nazil ki aur tarazu (yane adl ke qawaaid bhi) taake log insaaf par qayim rahen." (Al-Hadeed: 25)

Yahan Allah(ﷻ) ney is haqiqat se ba-khabar kiya ke usne Rasool bheje aur kitabein nazil ki, taake loug adl o insaaf se kaam len, sab se bada adl o insaaf tawheed hai, balki tawheed adl ka lubb e lubaab hai aur shirk khula huwa zulm hai, jaisa ke Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ*
"Beshak shirk bahut bada zulm hai." (Luqmaan: 13)

Shirk sab se bada zulm hai aur tawheed sab se bada adl hai. Shirk takhleeq e kayenaat ke asli maqasid ke bilkul mukhaalif hai, lehaza wo sab se bada gunaah hai, is silsile mein Allamah Ibn e Qayyim (Rahimahullah) mazeed farmate hain: "Chunke shirk kayenaat ki takhleeq ke maqsad ke bilkul mukhaalif hai aur sab se bada gunah hai, lehaza Allah(ﷻ) ney har mushrik ke liye jannat haraam kar di hai, mushrik ke jaan o maal, ahl o ayaal ko ahl e tawheed ke liye halaal qaraar diya aur chunke yeh Allah(ﷻ) ki ubodiyat (ibaadat o  bandagi) se buhat door hain lehaza unhe apna khadim bana kar rakhna chahiye, Allah(ﷻ) ney mushrik ke kisi bhi amal ko qubool karne se inkaar kiya hai, us ke bare mein kisi ki shifarish bhi qubool na hogi, aakhirat ke din us ka pukaarna bhi bekaar jayega, us ki ummeedein bhi nakaam hongi, ek mushrik Allah(ﷻ) ki zaat o sifaat se sab se ziyada nadaan o be-behra (be-khabar, la-ilm) hota hai, is wajah se wo kisi ghair ko Allah(ﷻ) ka madd e muqabil (barabar, hamsar) thehrata hai, jo aakhri darje ki jihalat hai, yeh ghayat (intihaayi) darje ka zulm bhi hai, aagarche ek mushrik Allah(ﷻ) par koi zulm nahi karta lekin wo apne aap par buhat bada zulm karta hai."

Shirk ek nuqs aur aib hai jis se Allah(ﷻ) ney apni zaat o sifaat ko paak qaraar diya hai, lehaza jo shaksh us ke saath kisi ko shareek karta hai wo Allah(ﷻ) ke liye wo cheez sabit karta hai jis se Allah(ﷻ) ney apne aap ko paak qaraar diya hai, lehaza shirk Allah(ﷻ) ki sara-sar nafarmani hai, balke us (Allah) ke khilaaf aylaan e jung hai.
_________________

*Shirk Ki Qasmein:*
Shirk ki do qismein hai Shirk E Akbar aur Shirk E Asghar.

*1) Shirk E Akbar:*
Jo bande ko daira e islam (islam ke daire) se nikaal deyta hai aur usko hamesha hamesha ke liye jahannum pahuncha deyta hai, yeh us surat mein hai jab wo shirk hi par mara ho aur tawba ki tawfeeq na mili ho, shirk e akbar ka matlab hai koi ibaadat ghairullah ke liye aada ki jaye, jaise ghairullah se dua karna, ghairullah ka taqarrub hasil karne ke liye us ki baargaah mein qurbaani karna, nazr o niyaaz chadhana. ghairullah ke zimn mein maqabir o mazaraat, jinnaat aur shayateen sab aa jate hai, is tarha marey huwe logon se khauf khana ke wo aise takleef na pahuncha dey, us ko bimari mein mubtala na kar dey aur ghairullah se aisi umeed wabasta rakhna jis par sirf Allah qudrat rakhta hai masalan hajat puri karna, museebat door karna, is tarha ke shirk ki mashq aaj kal auliya aur buzurgon ki pukhta qabron par khoob ho rahi hai, is cheez ki taraf ishara farmate huwe Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ هَٰؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ*
"Aur yeh log Allah ke siwa aisi chizon ki parastish kartey hain jo inka na kuch bigaad sakti hai aur na kuch bhala hi kar sakti hai aur kehte hain ke yeh Allah ke paas humaari shifarish karne waley hai." (Yunus: 18)
___________________

*2) Shirk E Asghar:*
Jis sey  bandah  daira e islam se kharij tou nahi hota lekin us ki tawheed mein kami aajati hai, yeh shirk e akbar ka ek zariye hai, is ki do qisme hain:

*●Shirk E Jali:* Shirk e jali se muraad shirkiya alfaaz aur af’aal hain, shirkiya alfaaz ki misaal ghairullah ki qasam khana hai.

Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya: "Jisney ghairullah ki khasam khayi usne kufr kiya ya shirk kiya." (Sunan Tirmidhi, Hadees: 1535]

Aur Aap (ﷺ) ka us shaksh se yeh farmana jisney kaha tha ke “agar Allah(ﷻ) aur aap ney chaha,” kya tumne mujhe Allah(ﷻ) ka madd e muqabil bana diya? kaho agar Allah akeley ney chaha." (Nasai)

Isi tarha kisi ka yeh kehna "agar Allah aur falaan na hota" jab ke sahih yeh hai ke jaisey Allah(ﷻ) ney chaha phir falaan shaksh ney, is liye ke lafz (summa) waqfah (taraaqi) ke liye aata hai, jis sey yeh mafhooom khudh ba khudh paida ho jaata hai ke bande ki mashiyyat Allah(ﷻ) ki mashiyyat ke taabe’ hai.

Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ*
"Aur tum kuch bhi nahi chaah saktey magar wahi jo Allah Rabb ul Aalameen chaahe." [At-Takwir 29]

Jab ke harf e waow (و) mutlaq jama’ aur ishtiraak ke liye aata hai, jis se tarteeb o ta’qeeb ka mafhoom paida nahi hota, jaise kisi se kahan jaye: "Mere liye tou bas Allah aur tum ho" aur "yeh Allah aur tumhari barkat ke tufeel hai" wagera...

Shirkiya aamaal jaise kadey pehanna, museebaton ko door karne ke liye dhage bandhna, nazr e bad se bachne ke liye taweez bandhna wagera, in aamaal ke saath jab yeh aqeedah ho ke inke zariye museebatein aur pareshaniya door hoti hain, balaayen talti hain tou yeh shirk e asgar hai, is liye ke Allah(ﷻ) ney in chizon ko in maqasid ke zariye nahi banaya, lekin agar kisi shaksh ka yeh aiteqaad ho ke yeh chizein ba-zaat e khudh bala aur museebat door karti hai tou yeh shirk e akbar hai, is liye ke is mein ghairullah ke saath aisa talluq aur raabte ka izhaar ho raha hai jo sirf Allah(ﷻ) ke liye khaas hai.

*●Shirk E Khafi:* Yeh iradon aur niyaton ka shirk hai, jaise riyakari aur shohrat-aawri wagera, yani Allah(ﷻ) se taqarrub waley aamaal is liye kiye jayen ke loug us ki tareef karen, masalan koi shaksh achchi namaz sirf is liye padhta hai ya sadqa wa khairaat sirf is liye karta hai ke loug us ki tareef karen, zikr o azkaar aur tilawat sirf is liye karta hai ke loug suney aur us ki khoob tareef karen, kisi bhi aamal mein jab riyakari aajati hai tou wo amal batil ho jaata hai, Allah(ﷻ) farmata hai:
*فَمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا*
"Jo koi apney Rab ki mulaqaat ki ummed rakhta hai to laazim hai ki woh nek amal karen aur apney parwardigaar ki ibaadat mein kisi ko shareek na banaye." (Al-Kahf: 110)

Nabi E Kareem (ﷺ) ka irshaad hai:
"Tumhare mutalliq sab se ziyada dar mujhe shirk e asghar ka hai, logon ney arz kiya: "Aye Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ)! shirk e asghar se kya muraad hai?" Aap (ﷺ) ney farmaya: "Riyakari"

(Musnad Ahmed: 5/428. Hafiz Ibne Hajar (Rahimahullah) ney is ki sanad ko Hasan (Bulugh ul Maram, Safa 302) jab ke Imam Munziri (Rahimahullah) ney jayyid kaha hai (At'Targheeb: 1/69)

Isi tarha duniyawi lalach mein koi deeni aamal sar-anjaam deyna bhi shirk e khafi hai, jaise koi shaksh sirf maal o daulat ke liye Hajj karta ho, aazaan deyta ho ya logon ki imamat karwata ho, uloom e shar’iyyah hasil karta ho ya jihaad fee sabeelillah karta ho, aise logon ke silsile mein Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya: "Halaak ho dinaar ka  bandah , halaak ho dirham ka  bandah , halaak ho kapde ka  bandah  halaak ho kali chadar ka  bandah , halaak ho makhmali chadar ka  bandah , aagar usey diya jaata hai tou khush hota hai aur aagar nahi diya jaata hai tou na khush rehta hai." Sahih Bukhaari, Hadees: 2886)

Allama Ibn e Qayyim (Rahimahullah) farmate hain: "Iradon aur niyyaton ka shirk tou aisa bahr e zakhkhaar (samandar) hai ke jis ka koi kinara nahi aur bohat kam log is se bach paatey hain" lehaza jis shaksh ney apney aamal se Allah(ﷻ) ki razamandi ke alawa kisi dusri cheez ka irada kiya ya Allah(ﷻ) se taqarrub ke alawa kisi aur cheez ki niyat ki aur ghairullah se us aamal ki jaza (badle) ki darkhawst ki tou wo niyat aur irade ka shirk hai.

*●Ikhlaas:* Ikhlaas ka matlab hai ke apney tamaam aamaal, af’aal, iraade aur niyat mein sirf Allah(ﷻ) hi ki zaat ko khalis kiya jaye, yehi cheez haneefiyyat yani Hazrat Ibraheem (Aalaihis Salaam) ki millat hai, jis ko ikhtiyaar karne ka hukm Allah(ﷻ) ney apney har bande ko diya hai, is liye ke us ke alawa koi dusri cheez Allah(ﷻ) ke yahan maqbool nahi, yehi haneefiyyat islam ki haqiqat hai.

Allah(ﷻ) ney farmaya:
*وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ*
"Aur jo shaksh islam ke siwa kisi aur deen ka talib hoga wo us sey hargiz qubool nahi kiya jayega aur aisa shaksh aakhirat mein nuqsaan utthane waalon mein hoga." [Aal-Imran: 85]

*●Shirk E Akbar Aur Shirk E Asghar Mein Farq:*
Mazkora baala (upar zikr ki gayi) baaton se yeh cheezein saaf taur par wazeh hogayi ke shirk e akbar aur shirk e asghar ke darmiyan bada farq hai, jaise: Shirk e akbar se ek musalmaan millat e islam se kharij ho jaata hai aur shirk e asghar se millat e islam se kharij nahi hota, agar wo jahannum mein gaya bhi tou ziyada din nahi rakhkha jayega. Shirk e akbar tamaam aamaal ko khatm kar deyta hai aur shirk e asghar tamaam aamaal kl barbaad nahi karta. Shirk e akbar mushrik ke maal o daulat ko mubah (jayiz) qaraar deyta hai jab ke shirk e asghar mein aisa nahi hai.
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*|Kitaab: Kitabut Tahweed. Taleef: Shaykh Saleh Al-Fauzaan Hafidahullah. Naashir: Darul Undlus. Safa: 27-37|

*Source Of Arabic Aayaat:
http://quran.ksu.edu.sa/m.php?l=ar#aya=2_1&t=1

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