Qurbani ke Ahkaam-E-Mashail (Part 01)

Quran o Hadees ki roshni mein Qurbani ke ahkaam o masaail.

*Part: ⓵*

* Tehreer: Shaikh Maqbool Ahmad Salafi Hafizahullah*

* Romanised By: Umar Asari*

Ashra e Zil-Hijjah ki badi fazeelat hai, is mein bade bade aamaal anjaam diye jaate hain, un aamaal mein se ek ahem tareen amal Allah ki qurbat ki niyyat se Qurbani karna hai. Qurbani janwar zabah karne aur gosht khaane ka naam nahi hai, yeh eesaar o jaan-nisari, taqwa aur mominaana soorat o seerat ka haamil hai, is liye Qurbani karne waalon ko apni niyyat khalis rakhni chaahiye aur Qurbani Allah ki raza ke liye karni chahiye. Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:

لَنْ يَنَالَ اللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلَا دِمَاؤُهَا وَلَٰكِنْ يَنَالُهُ التَّقْوَىٰ مِنْكُمْ​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Allah Taala ko Qurbaniyon ke gosht nahi pahunchte na un ke khoon balki use to tumhaare dil ki parhezgaari pahunchti hai.
*(Surah Al-Hajj, Surah No: 22 Ayat No: 37)*

Aur Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى أَجْسَادِكُمْ، وَلَا إِلَى صُوَرِكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Beshak Allah tumhaare jismon aur tumhari sooraton ko nahi dekhta balki tumaahre dilon ko dekhta hai.
*(Sahih Muslim: 2564)*

*❀Qurbani ka hukm:❀*
Qurbani ke hukm mein ahl e ilm ke darmiyan ikhtilaaf paaya jaata hai, Imam Abu Hanifa Rahimahullah ko chhod ke baqiya aimma e salasah (teen imaam) aur jamhoor ahl e ilm se Sunnat e Mu’akkadah hona manqool hai. Dalail ki roshni mein yahi maslak qawi (mazboot) maloom hota hai. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ هِلَالَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْ شَعَرِهِ، وَأَظْفَارِهِ​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Jab tum Zil-Hijjah ka chaand dekh lo aur tum mein se koyi shakhs Qurbani karne ka irada rakhta ho to woh apne baalon aur nakhuno ko (na kaate) apne haal par rehne de.
*(Sahih Muslim: 1977)*

*Is Hadees mein «وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ» ka lafz ikhtiyaari hai yani jo Qurbani karne ka iraada rakhta ho woh Qurbani kare goya Qurbani wajibi hukm nahi ikhtiyaari mu’aamla hai.*

Sunan Tirmizi (Hadees No: 1506) mein Qurbani ke adm e wujoob se mutalliq ek riwayat hai jise Shaikh Albani Rahimahullah ne za’eef kaha hai. Us Hadees ko Imam Tirmizi Rahimahullah ne Hasan Sahih kehne ke baad likha hai ke ahl e ilm ka isi par amal hai ke Qurbani wajib nahi hai balki Rasoolullah ﷺ ki sunnaton mein se ek Sunnat hai aur is par amal karna Mustahab hai. Sufyan Thauri aur Ibn e Mubarak Rahimahumallah ka yahi qaul hai.
*Shaikh Ibn e Baz Rahimahullah* ne Sunan Tirmizi ki is riwayat ko zikr kar ke mashroo’iyyat ka hi hukm lagaya hai lekin yaad rahe Qurbani Mashroo’ aur ikhtiyaari hone (yani wajib na hone) ke bawjood jo is ki taaqat rakhe aur Qurbani na kare us ke liye badi wa’eed hai. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ سَعَةٌ وَلَمْ يُضَحِّ فَلَا يَقْرَبَنَّ مُصَلَّانَا​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Jis shakhs ko (Qurbani ki) wus’at ho aur woh qurbani na kare to woh hamaare Eidgaah ke qareeb na aaye.
*(Ibn e Majah: 3123)*
❗Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko *Hasan* kaha hai.

*Tambeeh:* Sunan Tirmizi: 1507 ki riwayat mein zikr hai ke Aap ﷺ ne Madinah mein 10 saal qiyam kiya aur har saal Qurbani ki, *is riwayat ko Shaikh Albani Rahimahullah ne za’eef kaha hai.*

*❀Qurbani ki fazeelat:❀*
Qurbani Ibrahim Alaihissalam ki Sunnat hai, Allah Taala ne ise baad waalon ke liye bhi baqi rakha, Allah ka farmaan hai:
وَتَرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْآخِرِينَ​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Aur hum ne is (chalan) ko baad waalon ke liye baqi rakha.
*(Surah As-Saaffaat, Surah No: 37 Ayat No: 108)*

Zul-Hijjah ke 10 din Allah ko behad azeez hain, in dino mein anjaam diya jaane waala har ek amal Allah ko pasand hai, un mein ek behtareen aur mehboob amal Qurbani bhi hai. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
أَعْظَمُ الْأَيَّامِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ ثُمَّ يَوْمُ الْقُرِّ​
*Tarjumah:* Allah ke nazdeek sab se azeem din yaum un Nahr (Qurbani ka din) phir yaum ul Qurr (Mina mein Hajiyon ke theharne ka din) hai.
*(Sahih ul Jami’: 1064)*

*❀Qurbani ki hikmat:❀*
Qurbani ki bahut saari hikmatein hain un mein sab se ahem taqwa aur Allah ka taqarrub (qurbat) haasil karna hai, Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ​
*Tarjumah:* Aap farma dijiye ke beshak meri Namaz, meri Qurbani, mera jeena aur mera marna yeh sab khalis Allah hi ke liye hai jo saare jahan ka maalik hai.
*(Surah Al-An’aam, Surah No: 6 Ayat No: 162)*

Jo Qurbani is maqsad ko poora karne se qaasir ho woh Allah ke nazdeek maqbool nahi hai.

*❀Qurbani karne waalon ke haqq mein:❀*
Jo Qurbani ka iradah kare woh 1 Zul-Hijjah se Qurbani ka janwar zabah hone tak apne baal aur naakhun na kaate. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ هِلَالَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْ شَعَرِهِ، وَأَظْفَارِهِ​
*Tarjumah:* Jab tum Zil-Hijjah ka chaand dekh lo aur tum mein se koyi shakhs Qurbani karne ka irada rakhta ho to woh apne baalon aur nakhuno ko (na kaate) apne haal par rehne de.
*(Sahih Muslim: 1977)*

Jo log Qurbani karne ki taaqat na rakhen agar woh bhi baal aur nakhun ki pabandi karen (yani na kaaten) to Allah ke hukm se Qurbani ka ajr paayenge.

Nasai, Abu Dawood, Ibn e Hibban, Daraqutni, Baihaqi aur Hakimsamet kayi kutub e Hadees mein yeh Hadees maujood hai. Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-’Aas Radhiallahu Anhuma bayan karte hain ke Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya:
مِرْتُ بِيَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى عِيدًا، جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. قَالَ الرَّجُلُ : أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ إِلَّا مَنِيحَةً أُنْثَى، أَفَأُضَحِّي بِهَا ؟ قَالَ : لَا، وَلَكِنْ تَأْخُذُ مِنْ شَعْرِكَ وَأَظْفَارِكَ، وَتَقُصُّ شَارِبَكَ، وَتَحْلِقُ عَانَتَكَ، فَتِلْكَ تَمَامُ أُضْحِيَّتِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ​
  *◈Tarjumah:◈* Mujhe Azha ke din ke mutalliq hukm diya gaya hai ke use ba-taur e Eid manaun jise Allah Taala ne is ummat ke liye muqarrar kiya hai. Ek aadmi ne kaha: Bataiye ke agar mujhe doodh ke janwar ke siwa koyi janwar na mile to kya main us ki Qurbani kar dun? Aap ﷺ ne farmaya: Nahi, balki apne baal kaat lo naakhun aur moonchhen tarash lo aur zer e naaf (naaf ke neeche) ki safaayi kar lo. Allah Taala ke haan tumhaari yahi kaamil Qurbani hogi.
*(Abu Dawood: 2789)*

*Is Hadees ko Shaikh Albani Rahimahullah ne ek rawi Esa bin Hilal Sadafi ki wajah se za’eef kaha hai magar doosre Muhaddiseen se un ki tauseeq bhi saabit hai.*
Baal aur nakhun ki pabandi se mutalliq ek baat yeh jaan len ke yeh pabandi sirf Qurbani karne waalon ki taraf se hai ghar ke doosre log mustasna hain (yani woh is hukm mein shamil nahi) lekin sabhi pabandi karna chahein to achchi baat hai. Doosri baat yeh hai ke woh aadmi jis ne ghaflat mein 40 dino se baal aur nakhun nahi kaata tha aur us ko Qurbani deni hai is haal mein ke Zul-Hijjah ka chaand bhi nikal aaya hai aisa shakhs waqayi bohat bada ghaafil hai, agar baal aur nakhun takleef ki hadd tak badh gaye hon to use khatm kar le (kaat le), Allah mu’aaf karne waala hai warna chhod de.
Qurbani dene waale ne bhool kar apna baal ya naakhun kaat liya to us par koyi gunah nahi lekin jis ne jaan boojh kar baal ya naakhun kaata hai us par tauba lazim hai.

*❀Qurbani ka janwar:❀*
8 tarah ke janwaron ki Qurbani jaaiz hai, un mein bakri, bhed, gaaye aur oont ka nar o maddah (male aur female) shaamil hain, un janwaron ko chaar qism ke aibon se paak hona zaroori hai. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
لَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ الضَّحَايَا : الْعَوْرَاءُ الْبَيِّنُ عَوَرُهَا، وَالْعَرْجَاءُ الْبَيِّنُ عَرَجُهَا، وَالْمَرِيضَةُ الْبَيِّنُ مَرَضُهَا، وَالْعَجْفَاءُ الَّتِي لَا تُنْقِي​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Chaar tarah ke janwar Qurbani mein jaaiz nahi: Kaana jis ka kaanapan zahir ho, langda jis ka langdapan wazeh ho, mareez jis ka marz wazeh ho aur itna kamzor janwar ke us mein gooda tak na ho.
*(Nasai: 4376)*
❗Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko *Sahih* kaha hai.

Is Hadees se maloom hota hai ke Qurbani ka janwar qawi aur sehatmand ho. Khassi, gaabhin aur doodh dene waale janwar ki Qurbani jaaiz hai. Janwar khareedne ke baad us mein aib paida ho jaaye masalan taang ya seeng ya daant ya haddi toot jaaye, kaan kat jaaye, bemaar ho jaaye to us ki Qurbani ki jaa sakti hai kiunki yeh honi hai use koi taal nahi sakta us haal mein aadmi ma’zoor hai lekin agar koyi dobarah khareedne ki taaqat rakhta ho aur Hadees mein mazkoor chaar aibon mein se koyi aib khareedne ke baad paida ho jaaye to dobarah khareed le. Qurbani ke liye mutayyan janwar bechna, hadiya karna ya girwi rakhna jaaiz nahi hai aur na hi use baarbardari (samaan laane le jaane) ke liye istemaal karna jaaiz hai.
Qurbani ka janwar masnah (daanta) hona chaahiye, masnah kehte hain aisa janwar jis ke doodh ke agle do daant toot kar nikal aaye hon.

*❀Ek janwar poore gharaane ki taraf se kaafi:❀*
Qurbani ka ek janwar chaahe bakra/bakri hi kiun na ho ek gharaane ke poore afraad (logon) ki taraf se kaafi hai. Ek gharaane ka matlab yeh hai ke ghar ke poore afraad Qurbani karne waale ke saath hi rehte hon aur Qurbani dene waala un sab ke kharch ka zimmedaar ho neez woh saare rishtedaar hon. Jis ka chulha alag ho woh alag Qurbani karega. Ata bin Yasar kehte hain ke main ne Abu Ayyub Ansari Radhiallahu Anhu se poocha:
كَيْفَ كَانَتِ الضَّحَايَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ فَقَالَ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُضَحِّي بِالشَّاةِ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، فَيَأْكُلُونَ، وَيُطْعِمُونَ، حَتَّى تَبَاهَى النَّاسُ، فَصَارَتْ كَمَا تَرَى​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Rasoolullah ﷺ ke zamaane mein Qurbaniyan kaise hoti thien? Unhon ne kaha: Ek aadmi apni aur apne ghar waalon ki taraf se ek bakri Qurbani karta tha, woh log khud khaate the aur doosron ko khilaate the yahan tak ke log (kasrat e Qurbani par) fakhr karne lage, aur ab yeh soorat e haal ho gayi jo dekh rahe ho.
*(Tirmizi: 1505)*
❗Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko *Sahih* kaha hai.

*❀Qurbani ke bade janwar mein shirkat:❀*
Bade janwar gaaye, bail aur oont mein saat log ya saat gharaanon ke log ek ek hissa le kar shareek ho sakte hain. Jabir bin Abdullah Radhiallahu Anhu kehte hain:
اشْتَرَكْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَالْعُمْرَةِ؛ كُلُّ سَبْعَةٍ فِي بَدَنَةٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِجَابِرٍ : أَيُشْتَرَكُ فِي الْبَدَنَةِ مَا يُشْتَرَكُ فِي الْجَزُورِ؟ قَالَ : مَا هِيَ إِلَّا مِنَ الْبُدْنِ​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* Hum Rasoolullah ﷺ ke saath Hajj o Umrah mein saat (7) aadmi ek Qurbani mein shareek huwe to ek aadmi ne Hazrat Jabir Radhiallahu Anhu se poocha kya ehraam ke waqt se saath laye gaye Qurbani ke janwaron mein bhi is tarah shirakat ki jaa sakti hai jaise baad mein khareede gaye janwaron mein shirakat ho sakti hai? Unhon ne jawab diya: Woh bhi saath laye gaye Qurbani ke janwaron hi ki tarah hain.
*(Sahih Muslim: 1318)*

Jahan tak mendha, bakra aur bakri ka masla hai to yeh ek ghar ke poore afraad ke liye kaafi hai jaisa ke upar zikr kiya gaya hai lekin is mein doosre ghar waale ki taraf se shirakat nahi hogi.

*❀Bhains ki Qurbani ka hukm:❀*
Qurbani ke jaanwar ke mutalliq Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
ثَمَانِيَةَ أَزْوَاجٍ ۖ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْمَعْزِ اثْنَيْنِ ۗ قُلْ آلذَّكَرَيْنِ حَرَّمَ أَمِ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ أَمَّا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَرْحَامُ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ۖ نَبِّئُونِي بِعِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ¤ وَمِنَ الْإِبِلِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ اثْنَيْنِ​
*◈Tarjumah:◈* (Paida kiye) aath (8) nar o maada yani bhed (sheep) mein do qism aur bakri mein do qism Aap kahiye ki kya Allah ne in dono naron ko haram kiya hai ya dono maada ko? Ya us ko jis ko dono maada pet mein liye huwe hon? Tum mujh ko kisi daleel se to bataao agar sachche ho. Aur oont mein do qism aur gaye mein do qism…..
*(Surah Al-An’aam, Surah No: 6 Ayat No: 143 and 144)*

Allah Taala ne naam le kar aath (8) qism ke Qurbani ke janwar ki ta’een kar di jabki khaaye jaane waale janwar be-shumaar hain. *Aath (8) qism:* Do qism Bakri nar o maada, do qism Bhed (sheep) nar o maada, do qism oont nar o maada aur do qism gaaye nar o maada. Goya in aath (8) qismon mein Qurbani ke liye naven (9th) kisi janwar ko shaamil nahi kiya jaayega. In qismon mein bhains ka zikr nahi hai. Kaha yeh jaata hai ke Arab mein us waqt bhains famous nahi thi aur yeh gaaye ki jins se hai. Is ka hukm wahi hai jo gaaye ka hai chaahe Zakat ke liye ho, Qurbani ke liye ho ya goosht khaane aur doodh peene ke taur par ho. Yeh baat sahih hai ke bhains Arab mein muta’araf (introduced) nahi thi magar bhains duniya mein maujood thi, Allah us ka khaaliq hai woh koyi baat bhoolta nahi. Agar chaahta to Qurbani ke janwar ki fehrist (list) mein use bhi zikr kar sakta tha.

Khulasa ke taur par mera yeh kehna hai ke bhains halal janwar hai, us ko Qurbani ke masle mein jhagde ki wajah na banaayi jaaye, seedhi si baat hai agar hamaare yahan Quran mein mazkoor aath (8) qismon mein se kisi qism ka janwar paaya jaata hai to uski Qurbani karen jis mein koyi shak nahi aur na ikhtilaaf hai albatta kayi ahl e ilm ne bhains ko gaaye ki jins se maana hai aur is bunyaad par uski Qurbani ko jaaiz thehraya hai. Arab ke ulama bhi bhains ki Qurbani ko jaaiz kehte hain. Is liye kisi ka dil is par satisfied ho to us par kisi qism ka force na kiya jaaye.

*To be continued......*

Qurbani ke Ahkaam o Masail. Part 02

Qurbani ke Ahkaam o Masail. Part 03

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